英语中遵循就近原则的短语主要包括以下五类,其核心是谓语动词形式与最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致:
there be句型
当主语由and连接时,be动词形式遵循“就近原则”,即与最近的主语保持一致。例如:
$$
text{Neither he nor the cat is sleeping.}
$$
(靠近谓语动词的主语是“the cat”,因此用is)
并列连词短语
either...or... :谓语与最近主语一致。例如:
$$
text{Either you or he is wrong.}
$$
neither...nor... :谓语与nor后的主语一致。例如:
$$
text{Neither the teacher nor the students are late.}
$$
not only...but also... :谓语与but后的主语一致。例如:
$$
text{Not only he but also his friends are going to the party.}
$$
whether...or... :谓语与or后的主语一致。例如:
$$
text{Whether you or he will attend the meeting is unclear.}
$$
其他常见短语
as much as/rather than :谓语与than后的内容一致。例如:
$$
text{She would rather stay at home than go out.}
$$
in addition to/along with :谓语与to/with后的内容一致。例如:
$$
text{The manager, along with his team, is responsible for the project.}
$$
总结 :就近原则主要应用于there be句型及并列连词短语,通过“最近原则”简化谓语动词形式。需注意部分短语(如as much as)需结合具体语境判断。